Which technique is associated with the lowest morbidity for CBD stone removal?

Laparoscopic transcystic CBD exploration is associated with the lowest morbidity for common bile duct (CBD) stone removal due to its minimally invasive nature. This technique allows for access to the CBD through the cystic duct without needing to make a larger incision, which is typical in open surgery approaches.

The advantages of this method include a reduced risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, and longer recovery times associated with more invasive procedures. By avoiding a more extensive surgical intervention, patients often experience less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker returns to normal activities.

Additionally, the transcystic approach can be performed using laparoscopic techniques that benefit from the advantage of visualization and magnified views of the surgical field, allowing for precise stone retrieval while minimizing damage to surrounding structures.

In comparison, while other techniques may also be effective for CBD stone removal, they tend to come with higher associated morbidity levels. For instance, opened CBD exploration generally involves a longer recovery period and higher risks of complications. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), while useful, can lead to complications such as pancreatitis and infection. Laparoscopic choledochotomy, although less invasive than open surgery, is still more invasive than the transcyst