What is the recommended dilution of epinephrine for submucosal injection?

The recommended dilution of epinephrine for submucosal injection is typically 1:10,000. This concentration is considered safe and effective for providing hemostasis during endoscopic procedures. At this dilution, epinephrine works to constrict blood vessels, thereby reducing bleeding in the surgical field.

Using a dilution of 1:10,000 ensures that the amount of epinephrine administered is appropriate for local tissue response, minimizing systemic effects while still achieving adequate vasoconstriction. The concentration strikes a balance between efficacy in controlling bleeding and safety for the patient.

Higher concentrations, such as 1:5,000 or 1:1,000, could increase the risk of systemic absorption and potential complications associated with higher doses of epinephrine, such as increased heart rate, hypertension, or arrhythmias. Therefore, 1:10,000 is universally accepted as a standard dilution for effectively aiding in hemostasis during submucosal injections without compromising patient safety.