What is a primary indication for performing ERCP?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is primarily indicated for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. Cholangitis, which is an infection of the bile duct usually caused by obstruction (commonly due to gallstones), is a crucial scenario where ERCP is extremely beneficial. The procedure allows for both visualization and intervention to relieve the obstruction, drain infected bile, and facilitate appropriate management, including stone extraction or placement of biliary stents.

Cholangitis can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly. Thus, performing an ERCP in this context provides both diagnostic and therapeutic options, making it a primary indication for the procedure. This is distinct from the other conditions listed, as they do not specifically relate to the biliary or pancreatic ductal complications that ERCP is designed to address.